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	<title>corchete de Lie Archives | Gravitación</title>
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	<description>GEOMETRÍA • RELATIVIDAD • UNIVERSO</description>
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	<title>corchete de Lie Archives | Gravitación</title>
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		<title>Campos de vectores</title>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[admin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 22 Oct 2020 22:28:41 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Geometría de Riemann]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lecciones]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[campos básicos]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[campos de vectores]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[corchete de Lie]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fibrado tangente]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://gravitacion.es/?p=1453</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Fibrado tangente. <strong>Campos de vectores</strong>. Ejemplos de campos de vectores. Los campos como <strong>derivaciones</strong> en el anillo de las funciones diferenciables. <strong>El corchete de Lie</strong>. Interpretación geométrica del corchete. El corchete en coordenadas.</p>
<p>La entrada <a href="https://gravitacion.es/campos-de-vectores/">Campos de vectores</a> aparece primero en <a href="https://gravitacion.es">Gravitación</a>.</p>
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										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<fieldset>
<legend>Biblio</legend>
<blockquote>
<p>Introduction to Smooth Manifolds.<br /><cite>John M. Lee. <em>Springer Science</em>. <strong>2013</strong>. Capítulo 5.</cite></p>
</blockquote>
</fieldset>
<h2>Definición de campo de vectores</h2>
<figure><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="1905" height="2500" src="https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page1-1.jpg" alt="" data-id="2021" data-full-url="https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page1-1.jpg" data-link="https://gravitacion.es/campos-de-vectores/page1-1-2/" class="wp-image-2021" srcset="https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page1-1.jpg 1905w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page1-1-229x300.jpg 229w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page1-1-780x1024.jpg 780w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page1-1-768x1008.jpg 768w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page1-1-1170x1536.jpg 1170w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page1-1-1561x2048.jpg 1561w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page1-1-1080x1417.jpg 1080w" sizes="(max-width: 1905px) 100vw, 1905px" /></figure>
<figure><img decoding="async" width="1905" height="2500" src="https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page2-1.jpg" alt="" data-id="2022" data-full-url="https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page2-1.jpg" data-link="https://gravitacion.es/campos-de-vectores/page2-1-2/" class="wp-image-2022" srcset="https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page2-1.jpg 1905w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page2-1-229x300.jpg 229w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page2-1-780x1024.jpg 780w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page2-1-768x1008.jpg 768w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page2-1-1170x1536.jpg 1170w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page2-1-1561x2048.jpg 1561w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page2-1-1080x1417.jpg 1080w" sizes="(max-width: 1905px) 100vw, 1905px" /></figure>
<figure><img decoding="async" width="1905" height="2500" src="https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page3-1.jpg" alt="" data-id="2023" data-full-url="https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page3-1.jpg" data-link="https://gravitacion.es/campos-de-vectores/page3-1-2/" class="wp-image-2023" srcset="https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page3-1.jpg 1905w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page3-1-229x300.jpg 229w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page3-1-780x1024.jpg 780w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page3-1-768x1008.jpg 768w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page3-1-1170x1536.jpg 1170w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page3-1-1561x2048.jpg 1561w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page3-1-1080x1417.jpg 1080w" sizes="(max-width: 1905px) 100vw, 1905px" /></figure>
<figure><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1905" height="2500" src="https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page4-1.jpg" alt="" data-id="2024" data-full-url="https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page4-1.jpg" data-link="https://gravitacion.es/campos-de-vectores/page4-1-2/" class="wp-image-2024" srcset="https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page4-1.jpg 1905w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page4-1-229x300.jpg 229w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page4-1-780x1024.jpg 780w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page4-1-768x1008.jpg 768w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page4-1-1170x1536.jpg 1170w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page4-1-1561x2048.jpg 1561w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page4-1-1080x1417.jpg 1080w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1905px) 100vw, 1905px" /></figure>
<figure><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1905" height="2500" src="https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page5-1.jpg" alt="" data-id="2025" data-full-url="https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page5-1.jpg" data-link="https://gravitacion.es/campos-de-vectores/page5-1-2/" class="wp-image-2025" srcset="https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page5-1.jpg 1905w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page5-1-229x300.jpg 229w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page5-1-780x1024.jpg 780w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page5-1-768x1008.jpg 768w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page5-1-1170x1536.jpg 1170w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page5-1-1561x2048.jpg 1561w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page5-1-1080x1417.jpg 1080w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1905px) 100vw, 1905px" /></figure>
<figure><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="780" height="1024" src="https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page6-1-780x1024.jpg" alt="" data-id="2026" data-full-url="https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page6-1.jpg" data-link="https://gravitacion.es/campos-de-vectores/page6-1/" class="wp-image-2026" srcset="https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page6-1-780x1024.jpg 780w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page6-1-229x300.jpg 229w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page6-1-768x1008.jpg 768w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page6-1-1170x1536.jpg 1170w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page6-1-1561x2048.jpg 1561w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page6-1-1080x1417.jpg 1080w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page6-1.jpg 1905w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px" /></figure>
<fieldset>
<legend>Ejercicio</legend>
<p>En lo anteriormente expuesto falta probar algo, a saber, sea <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-977525b20b733831b6519668681769a3_l3.png" class="ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format" alt="&#88;" title="Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com" height="22" width="21" style="vertical-align: 0px;"/> un campo de vectores (no necesariamente diferenciable). Supongamos que, para toda <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-65de1e35030d3b48fab17221893039f5_l3.png" class="ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format" alt="&#102;" title="Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com" height="22" width="13" style="vertical-align: -1px;"/> diferenciable, se cumple que <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-3389ee8d71c06f3d3f527fac47dab9c6_l3.png" class="ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format" alt="&#88;&#102;" title="Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com" height="23" width="35" style="vertical-align: -1px;"/> es una función también diferenciable. Demuestra que <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/ql-cache/quicklatex.com-977525b20b733831b6519668681769a3_l3.png" class="ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format" alt="&#88;" title="Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com" height="22" width="21" style="vertical-align: 0px;"/> es un campo de vectores diferenciable. (Es casi obvio usando las definiciones.)</p>
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<h2>El corchete de Lie</h2>
<figure><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1905" height="2500" src="https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page7.jpg" alt="" data-id="2027" data-full-url="https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page7.jpg" data-link="https://gravitacion.es/campos-de-vectores/page7-13/" class="wp-image-2027" srcset="https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page7.jpg 1905w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page7-229x300.jpg 229w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page7-780x1024.jpg 780w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page7-768x1008.jpg 768w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page7-1170x1536.jpg 1170w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page7-1561x2048.jpg 1561w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page7-1080x1417.jpg 1080w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1905px) 100vw, 1905px" /></figure>
<figure><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1905" height="2500" src="https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page8.jpg" alt="" data-id="2028" data-full-url="https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page8.jpg" data-link="https://gravitacion.es/campos-de-vectores/page8-11/" class="wp-image-2028" srcset="https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page8.jpg 1905w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page8-229x300.jpg 229w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page8-780x1024.jpg 780w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page8-768x1008.jpg 768w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page8-1170x1536.jpg 1170w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page8-1561x2048.jpg 1561w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page8-1080x1417.jpg 1080w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1905px) 100vw, 1905px" /></figure>
<figure><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1905" height="2500" src="https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page9.jpg" alt="" data-id="2029" data-full-url="https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page9.jpg" data-link="https://gravitacion.es/campos-de-vectores/page9-10/" class="wp-image-2029" srcset="https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page9.jpg 1905w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page9-229x300.jpg 229w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page9-780x1024.jpg 780w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page9-768x1008.jpg 768w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page9-1170x1536.jpg 1170w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page9-1561x2048.jpg 1561w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page9-1080x1417.jpg 1080w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1905px) 100vw, 1905px" /></figure>
<figure><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="780" height="1024" src="https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page10-780x1024.jpg" alt="" data-id="2030" data-full-url="https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page10.jpg" data-link="https://gravitacion.es/campos-de-vectores/page10-9/" class="wp-image-2030" srcset="https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page10-780x1024.jpg 780w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page10-229x300.jpg 229w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page10-768x1008.jpg 768w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page10-1170x1536.jpg 1170w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page10-1561x2048.jpg 1561w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page10-1080x1417.jpg 1080w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Page10.jpg 1905w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px" /></figure>
<hr>
<h2>Definición alternativa de un campo de vectores: covarianza</h2>
<figure><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1904" height="2500" src="https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Page1.jpg" alt="" data-id="2114" data-full-url="https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Page1.jpg" data-link="https://gravitacion.es/campos-de-vectores/page1-22/" class="wp-image-2114" srcset="https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Page1.jpg 1904w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Page1-228x300.jpg 228w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Page1-780x1024.jpg 780w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Page1-768x1008.jpg 768w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Page1-1170x1536.jpg 1170w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Page1-1560x2048.jpg 1560w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Page1-1080x1418.jpg 1080w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1904px) 100vw, 1904px" /></figure>
<figure><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="780" height="1024" src="https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Page2-780x1024.jpg" alt="" data-id="2115" data-full-url="https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Page2.jpg" data-link="https://gravitacion.es/campos-de-vectores/page2-22/" class="wp-image-2115" srcset="https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Page2-780x1024.jpg 780w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Page2-228x300.jpg 228w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Page2-768x1008.jpg 768w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Page2-1170x1536.jpg 1170w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Page2-1560x2048.jpg 1560w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Page2-1080x1418.jpg 1080w, https://gravitacion.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Page2.jpg 1904w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px" /></figure>
<p>La entrada <a href="https://gravitacion.es/campos-de-vectores/">Campos de vectores</a> aparece primero en <a href="https://gravitacion.es">Gravitación</a>.</p>
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